Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) is the third most important GHG for the enhanced greenhouse effect, and it is a strong greenhouse gas: its global warming potential (GWP) is about 300 times than carbon dioxide (CO₂). Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and waste treatment. In this international workshop, 19 invited speakers came from many places (10 countries) around the world, including Austria, Spain, Japan, Malaysia, China, India, United States, Israel, the Netherland and Taiwan. In addition, more than 30 specialists from domestic agricultural governments, research institutes, and universities joined this workshop. Many of outstanding researching findings, current synthesis and suggestions from the keynote speeches, plenary sessions, and research posters in two-day presentations, one-day field trip, and one-day topic discussions. Four themes of the workshop are (1) to discuss the recent advances in measurement and modelling of N2O emissions, (2) to conduct global synthesis of N2O emissions across ILTER sites and other sites, (3) to provide hand-on training for measuring and modeling N2O fluxes, and (4) to strengthen and foster global collaboration within the ILTER communities and with partnership programs.