Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research

Author:I-Pei Kuo*, Yi-Jui Hsieh, and Shuenn-Der Yang

Abstract:

Fishmeal is the primary protein source in aquaculture feed; however, due to limitations in marine resources, the global supply of fishmeal can no longer meet the rapidly growing demands of the aquaculture industry. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has the ability to efficiently convert inedible organic by-products into protein and is considered a sustainable alternative to fishmeal. However, black soldier fly larvae fed on plant-based substrates often face the nutritional limitations of low protein content and inadequate essential amino acids and fatty acids. These deficiencies may negatively impact fish growth performance, immune response, and flesh quality. Additionally, chitin, a major component of insect exoskeletons, has a controversial role in fish feed. While some studies indicate that chitin positively affects fish health, others have found that it acts as an anti-nutritional factor for certain fish species. This review evaluates the nutritional potential of black soldier fly meal in aquaculture feed. The primary limiting amino acids in black soldier fly meal include arginine, isoleucine, lysine, and methionine, while the major limiting fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To enhance the nutritional quality of black soldier fly larvae, this review focuses on analyzing their protein content, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and the effects of chitin. Furthermore, potential improvement strategies, including defatting processes, substrate manipulation, and chitin removal, are discussed.

Key words:Black soldier fly, Aquaculture, Amino acid, Fatty acid, Chitin

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