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Synergistic Effect of Additional Gas on the Toxicity of Phosphine to Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)
Table 3. The LC<sub>50</sub> of <i>Sitophilus oryzae</i> to phosphine co-fumigation with 10 or 20% CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub> or O<sub>2</sub> for 72 h.
Table 3. The LC50 of Sitophilus oryzae to phosphine co-fumigation with 10 or 20% CO2, N2 or O2 for 72 h.

Author:Wen-Bin Feng, Chi-Yang Lee, Tai-Chuan Wang, and Me-Chi Yao*

Abstract:

Sitophilus spp. is the most serious pest in imported brown rice warehouses, and its phosphine resistance has been observed in Taiwan. To overcome the efficiency decline of phosphine fumigation to Sitophilus beetles, phosphine fumigation with additional gas is the most noticed practice internationally. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity increase of phosphine in the presence of additional 10–20% of CO2, O2, or N2 to Sitophilus beetles for 20 h or 72 h of fumigation. We found that there was no synergism between phosphine and additional gas for phosphine-resistant Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) strains with 20 h fumigation. However, when the fumigation period prolonged to 72 h, the LC50 of phosphine with additional 10 or 20% of CO2, or N2 decreased from 13.8 to 2.9–11.0 μg L-1 for Houbi strain of S. oryzae. We consider that additional CO2, and N2 can potentially enhance the toxicity of phosphine against phosphine-resistant stored-product pests in the imported rice warehouse.

Key words:Sitophilus, Phosphine, CO2, O2, N2

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Journal of
Taiwan Agricultural Research
Vol. 73, No.1 (2024) ISSN: 2790-086X Vol. 73, No.1 (2024)
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