Soil microorganisms are vital components in soil ecology. They play crucial roles in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient circulation, N2-fixation, the formation of soil structure, maintenance of soil fertility, and biocontrol of soilborne diseases and pests. The Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute has established a databank to collect information related to the geographical distribution of soil bacteria and fungi in the arable land of Taiwan through a series of protocols including selective media for the isolation, sequencing, identification, and extraction of the DNA of soil bacteria and fungi. Combining these data with those of a soil survey can provide valuable references for research on the potential emission of greenhouse gases, N2-fixation capability, and healthy management of crop production.